Stereotypes Of The Feminists In Markets Sociology Essay

Stereotypes Of The Feminists In Markets Sociology Essay When somebody mentions the word feminism it often sparks stereotypical ridicule surrounding unattractive women who cant get a man, mainly stirred up by subjective political publishing. In reality what was achieved by feminists throughout the 19th, 20th and 21st century has paved the way for a more intellectual and emotional acceptance of women in modern society. When we discuss the subject of feminism we automatically begin to consider the work of radical, Marxist and liberal feminists, but in order to understand the thoughts and feelings of this enlightening subject we must observe the work of not only feminists but other theorists, in an attempt to analyse the changing views of women from the 1960s onwards. The start of the sexual revolution remains prominent within our discussion, and throughout this essay we will refer to academic material in an attempt to educate ourselves on the thoughts and theories of the changing sexuality of women from the first wave of feminism onwards. landmark book the second sex offered women an existential and intellectual framework where by women could break down the barriers of social conditioning and take control of their own lives and sexuality, her famous words one is not born a woman, one becomes one offered an iconic phrase which would help support the movement of the sexual revolution of the 1960s. The sexual politics which took place throughout the 1960s and 1970s cannot be discussed without talking about the highly publicised second wave of feminism. The combination of student protests and medically prescribed contraceptives made it possible for women to own their own sexuality and move away from the confinement of sexual pleasure in the boundaries of a heterosexual marriage (Escoffier, 2003). The previous century has been that of a bourgeois one, where sexuality was held on the strict basis of a heterosexual family (Ollman, 1979). Marxist writer William Reich offered a revolutionary sexual radicalism which argued that capitalism sexually repressed the masses in the interest of its exploitative goals (Ollman, 1979). Betty Friedan (1963) is often referred to as the mother of the movement. When her book the feminine mystique was published in 1963 she discussed the roles of women in industrial societies, whose main aim was to fulfil the stifling role of homemaker; for women these traditional roles were often deemed unsatisfying: emotionally, intellectually and also sexually, as she quoted no woman gets an orgasm from shining the kitchen floor (Womens History, 2011). Betty Friedan (1963) was also noted for criticising Freuds theory known as penis envy along with feminist writer Karen Horney (Hichcock, 2005). Horney describes how it is men who are adversely affected by their inability to bear children, she referred to this as womb envy, and Freud saw Horneys theory as being a striking example of her own personal penis envy (Hitchcock, 2005). Horney and other feminist theorists have gone on to describe Freuds work as condescending and distorted surrounding his opinion of women being inferior to men (Hitchcock, 2005). Many feminist writers gained a high level of interest in the work of Foucault (1978) whose work is highly prevalent when discussing sexuality of the 1970s and power (Hekman, 1996). Foucault (1978) argued that sexuality was regulated and controlled. His theory of the body and sexuality has allowed feminists to appropriate it due to the consequences of drawing a distinction between sex and gender, which allows us to challenge the idea that a womens biological make up is her social destiny (Foucault, 1978). The views of sexuality altered greatly from the 1960s onwards. It was a period of high criticism of the conventional heterosexual practices of sex, and the liberation of gay men and lesbians meant there was a positive control of identity (Escoffier, 2003). The gay liberation challenged the essentialist view of the natural sex, however for many gay and lesbian activists sexual exploration was not the only goal; the importance was recognition for the need to change. Essentialist theori sts argue that sexuality has a reproductive function and how vaginal intercourse is seen as the sex (Duggan, Hunter, 1995). By observing Foucaults (1978) literature the history of sexuality we can see an anti-essentialist account of the sexual body. Foucault (1978) argued that the construct of the natural sex functions in order to disguise the productive operation of power in relation to human sexuality. Based on Foucaults (1978) work, Judith butler (1990) discusses that the notion of natural sex naturalises the regulatory idea of natural heterosexuality which then goes on to reinforce constraints on sexuality. McNay (1992) outlines how Foucaults history of sexuality exposes the contingent and socially determined nature of sexuality. McNay (1992) argues that this frees the body, allowing the breakdown of heterosexuality and the emergence of new realms of pleasure. Much of the debates surrounding sexuality during the 1960s and 1970s were viewed as having a large emphasis of the theories of pleasure and power. On the way into the 1980s the importance for feminists shifted onto the subject of the degrading acts towards women through the process of sado-masochism, pornography and prostitution (Strud, 2010). Feminists have been noted for arguing that pornography works in the exploitation of women which in turn contributes to the male objectification of women and sexism (Strud, 2010). A prominent figure in the anti-pornography movement was Andrea Dworkin, a feminist who aligned herself with the far-right movement (Strud, 2010). Dworkin and her fellow radical feminists characterised pornography as an industry of damaging abuse, and frequently discussed prostitution as a system of severe exploitation (Strud, 2010). Dworkin also suggested that heterosexual intercourse is a key factor in the subordination of patriarchy (Strud, 2010). Third wave feminists known as lipstick feminists made attempts to reclaim sexual power (Duggan, Hunter, 1995). They argued that dressing provocatively and maintaining sexual allure empowers women, it is also suggested that these feminists did not see a conflict between stripping, exhibitionism, girl-on-girl displays or pornography with feminism (Duggan, Hunter, 1995). A criticism of the third wave is often how it came about. The first and second wave are acknowledged as coming from a period where the main aim at hand were womens rights, it was a period where politics were intertwined with culture (Agger, 1992). The third wave which is also refereed to as the feminist sex wars rose from the popular culture of punk rock, consumerism and the birth of modern technologies and outlets such as mobile telephony and the internet (Agger, 1992). It has been discussed how there is often tension between the second and third wave of feminism due to the methods used to gain attention for important causes. However when these are observed we can elucidate that the methods used, such as lipstick feminists sexual allure or Riot Grrrl bands political anarchist lyrics, they can be deemed appropriate for the fast chaning modern culture of the 1980s and 1990s (Leonard, 1997). Some people think little girls should be seen and not heard, but I think Oh bondage up yours, lyrics sang by Poly Styrene of X-Ray Spex (1977), one of the female punk rock bands who were part of the feminist anarchy movement. As can be observed by many of the lyrics of such bands, there is a level of sexual empowerment in the female youth of the 1980s and 1990s. Riot Grrrls were seen to not meet the needs of all women, mainly due to the white middle class youth orientation (Agger, 1992). Riot Grrrls were seen to succeed in the overturning of the male hegemonic punk culture, Turn the tables with our unity- They neither moral nor majority Wake up and smell the coffee Or just say no to individuality quoted by L7 (1992), this supports the sense of community felt among young girls, who felt a sense of alienation from mainstream culture (Leonard, 1997). A prominent band in the Riot Grrrl movement was Bikini Kill (1998), there powerful, political and sexual songs featured heavily in the popular culture of American youth feminism, with lyrics such as Just cause my world, sweet sister, is so fucking goddamn full of rape does that mean my body must always be a source of pain. Christine Hoff Sommers (1994) discusses women who have betrayed feminism, she talks about an article written by Roiphe in the New York Times Sunday Magazine. In the article Roiphe accuses feminists of defining rape to include any kind of sex a woman experiences as negative (Sommers, 1994). This could be seen as challenging for feminists who were attempting to educate girls that sex without their consent constitutes as rape. Although Riot Grrrls did not achieve any radical changes for women, they were seen to make differences on a more individual level, supporting the female youth on issues such as sexual abuse and rape, which are seen as important factors in the s ubject of female sexual empowerment (Agger, 1992). Duggan and Hunter (1995) discussed that the controversial sex wars which focussed on debates surrounding political and cultural battles over sexuality in the 1980s and 1990s, also characterised key feminist debates of the second wave. The false stereotypes of feminists such as anti-male, fat, humourless, bra-burning were seen to be actively challenged in the third wave (Hollows, Moseley, 2006). It is also discussed that some of what is currently referred to as third wave feminism is indistinguishable from popularised atheoretical post feminism; Michelle Goldberg (2001) describes this as shopping and fucking. We can observe by this that where third wave feminists viewed their actions as being methods of sexual control politically and culturally, early theorists and feminists conduced their behaviour was un-intellectual and made important issues void by allowing them to revolve around hotter-sex, designer shoes, intimidating clothing and expensive make-up (Hollows, Moseley, 2006). The acknowledgement of theorists and feminists has allowed us a deeper insight into the views of sexuality from the 1960s onwards. What is interesting is how different feminist theories began to differ in aims on the way into the 1980s. The common aim had been to liberate women from the societal constraints, not only in public places but also in the privacy of their own home. There remained however a range of strong views surrounding heterosexuality and the mystery of the female orgasm, with the liberation of gay men, lesbian women and straight women sexually, the traditional theories, such as essentialism were challenged. The changes made by feminists cannot be denied, changes that span over decades and in some cases centuries, it is easy to take for granted the sexual freedom that can be experienced by women in modern society, however when we observe feminist history we can begin to understand the sacrifices that have been made on behalf of women and the empowerment of female sexuality. This is their legacy. Word Count 1,922

American School System Essay

Schooling is compulsory for all children in the United States, but the age range for which school attendance is required varies from state to state. Most children begin elementary education with kindergarten (usually five to six years old) and finish secondary education with twelfth grade (usually eighteen years old). In some cases, pupils may be promoted beyond the next regular grade. Some states allow students to leave school between 14–17 with parental permission, before finishing high school; other states require students to stay in school until age 18. [19] Educational attainment in the United States, Age 25 and Over (2009)[20] EducationPercentage High school graduate86. 68% Some college55. 60% Associates and/or Bachelor’s degree38. 54% Bachelor’s degree29. 0% Master’s degree7. 62% Doctorate or professional degree2. 94% Most parents send their children to either a public or private institution. According to government data, one-tenth of students are enrolled in private schools. Approximately 85% of students enter the public schools,[21] largely because they are tax-subsidized (tax burdens by school districts vary from area to area). School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. There are more than 14,000 school districts in the country. [22] More than $500 billion is spent each year on public primary and secondary education. [22] Most states require that their school districts within the state teach for 180 days a year. [23] Parents may also choose to educate their own children at home; 1. 7% of children are educated in this manner. [21] Nearly 6. 2 million students between the ages of 16 and 24 in 2007 dropped out of high school, including nearly three of 10 Hispanics. [24] The issue of high-school drop-outs is considered important to address as the incarceration rate for African-American male high school dropouts is about 50 (fifty) times the national average. [25] In 1971, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that forced busing of students may be ordered to achieve racial desegregation. [26] This ruling resulted in a white flight from the inner cities which largely diluted the intent of the order. This flight had other, non-educational ramifications as well. Integration took place in most schools though de facto segregation often determined the composition of the student body. By the 1990s, most areas of the country have been released from mandatory busing. In 2010, there were 3,823,142 teachers in public, charter, private, and Catholic elementary and secondary schools. They taught a total of 55,203,000 students, who attended one of 132,656 schools. [27] States do not require reporting from their school districts to allow analysis of efficiency of return on investment. The Center for American Progress commends Florida and Texas as the only two states that provide annual school-level productivity evaluations which report to the public how well school funds are being spent at the local level. This allows for comparison of school districts within a state. [28][29] In 2010, American students rank 17th in the world. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development says that this is due to focusing on the low end of performers. All of the recent gains have been made, deliberately, at the low end of the socioeconomic scale and among the lowest achievers. The country has been outrun, the study says, by other nations because the US has not done enough to encourage the highest achievers. [30] About half of the states encourage schools to recite the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag. [31] Teachers worked from about 35 to 46 hours a week, in a survey taken in 1993. [32] In 2011, American teachers worked 1,097 hours in the classroom, the most for any industrialized nation measured by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. They spend 1,913 hours a year on their work, just below the national average of 1,932 hours for all workers. [33] In 2011, the average annual salary of a preK-12 teacher was $55,040. [34] Transporting students to and from school is a major concern for most school districts. School buses provide the largest mass transit program in the country, 8. 8 billion trips per year. Non-school transit buses give 5. 2 billion trips annually. 440,000 yellow school buses carry over 24 million students to and from schools. [35] School start times are computed with busing in mind. There are often three start times: for elementary, for middle/junior high, and for high school. One school district computed its cost per bus (without the driver) at $20,575 annually. It assumed a model where the average driver drove 80 miles per day. A driver was presumed to cost $. 62 per mile (1. 6 km). Elementary schools started at 7:30, middle schools/junior high school started at 8:15 and senior high schools at 9:00. While elementary school started earlier, they also finish earlier, at 2:25, middle schools at 3:10 and senior high schools at 3:55. [36] All school districts establish their own times and means of transportation within guidelines set by their own state.

The Key to Successful Essay Samples Child Well Being

The Key to Successful Essay Samples Child Well Being Most Noticeable Essay Samples Child Well Being In conclusion, being the sole child has many benefits but in addition a good deal of disadvantages. This is why being a superb student ought to be about understanding how to overcome distractions and sticking to the objective. In order to aid an individual overcome such traumas, the aid of a professional psychotherapist might be needed. Along with that, there isn't any man or woman to quarrel with. Communication development is an essential life accomplishment for children and immature kids. Teaching their child to be aware of the difference between right and wrong will aid them in the very long run. At the exact same time, there's a passive way parents can harm their little one. What's more, the kid is observed to have an awareness of response towards her or his mother's voice (Office of Child Development). While it's the case that children ought to be helping out and caring for their parents, it ought not be a strict obligation for children to care for the parents. Not only do children enter into relationships with their parents with no consent, but in addition they face a lot more health risks should they care for their parents. The youngster can determine the self-learning in addition to in creating awareness. The only child must go solitary or with pals, even though it really isn't the same. Poverty, in its turn, can also be due to high unemployment prices or as a consequence of an early death of parents, since most of the governments in underdeveloped country cannot offer appropriate support and homage for those orphans. Task Some folks think that children ought to be taught the value of money. To begin with, not any work undertaken by means of a youngster needs to be classified a child labor. How to Choose Essay Samples Child Well Being To conclude, it's of paramount importance a kid learns about the importance of money in life. You will cover the identical wellness problem and the identical policy. The shortage of holistic development is just one of the principal reasons that some kid fails in facing serious challenges during their whole life. The child development involves the expressions that they can express throughout the conversation. An essay outline can help you organize the general structure of your essay. It's simple to point out an essay that's bee n written solely for the interest of it. An excellent essay is one which leaves an enduring impression. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Using Essay Samples Child Well Being You must make some modifications to the structure. The general format of your essay, for example, font size and margins, will solely be based on the instructions offered to you. Child labour in the style supply chain. Simply think away from the box and go from the ordinary. The Ugly Secret of Essay Samples Child Well Being You have to find the correct resources for your essay along with patience when finding the most suitable inspiration to write. There are a few grammar mistakes. You don't need to possess the very best writing skills so as to be creative and compose an effective essay. In case you have any questions regarding your favourite hobby, just ask us and we'll attempt to if you're a rockhound, 16 or younger, there's an essay contest which might. If it's still true that you could hardly write excellent essays, you can view completely free essay papers online. Analysis This is an excellent essay. These seven sample essays respond to a selection of thought-provoking questions. This is because the students will begin considering the opinions and attempt to relate to the knowledge they already have. If a student would like to impress employers when they're asking for work, he or she wants to concentrate on their grades, especially in difficult subjects. The students of Ireland should conduct efficient research which may expand the holistic development skills necessary for the kid. They come to know about the experiences which can enhance the learning capabilities among the child.

Heart of Darkness versus MacBeth Essay - 1677 Words

Heart of Darkness and MacBeth Joseph Conrad and William Shakespeare are not traditionally paired up for a critical analysis. However, the characters MacBeth and Kurtz in MacBeth and Heart of Darkness, respectively, prove to be worthy of comparison. MacBeth and Kurtz share many common characteristics: both have vaulting ambition that leads both to their success and their demise, a superiority complex, and both make similar sacrifices to achieve their goal. Despite their many similarities, MacBeth and Kurtz differ in many respects. The way the authors present each character varies greatly, and the way each interacts with his surroundings contrast a great deal. The circumstances that follow their actions also†¦show more content†¦He puts such confidence in the three Weird Sisters that he can’t even see that their evilness is leading him down the wrong path. His appointment to Thane of Cawdor makes him believe that he is better than anyone else, even Duncan. Why should he be more qualified for th e position of king that any one of Duncan’s other trusted comrades? The truth is that he isn’t; He only believes himself to be. This superiority complex cannot be illustrated better than through Kurtz. Not only does he believe himself to be higher than God, he actually thinks of himself as a god. The way the natives worship him and how the chiefs . . . would crawl (Conrad, 133) to him are examples of the way he tricked the ignorant natives into thinking of him as a god. They carried him around on a stretcher and just adored him even though he forced them to get ivory and punished them harshly. Because of his powerful position and because he truly believed that he was in many ways better than everyone else, Kurtz was able to convince everyone he came in contact with of this theory of his god-like stature. Both men thought of themselves as superior because of the titles and duties earned from their evil and cheated ambition. MacBeth and Kurtz’s evil ambition and f eelings of superiority lead to their downfall. Both men followShow MoreRelatedFalse Appearances in Macbeth 895 Words   |  4 PagesDarkness, fear, mayhem, guilt and hypocrisy are all important themes which are carried throughout the play. The use of imagery in reference to blood, light versus dark, false appearance and disease reinforce these themes. The imagery appears to tiptoe through every scene to create a malevolent atmosphere of shame and false pretence. One of the key themes in the play that was reinforced and highlighted by the use of imagery was false appearance. The use of imagery to portray false appearance canRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth - The Age Old Battle Of Good Versus Evil992 Words   |  4 Pagesbattle of good versus evil. It is both day and night; light and darkness. Blood is shown throughout William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, and plays a key role in the building of the story’s conflicts. Blood represents life, but Shakespeare depicts blood in the alternative dark version, showing where there is life there is death and without death there is no life. In Macbeth the main characters are faced with many challenges and struggles. Blood can be seen as the choices or sins that Macbeth and his wifeRead MoreWilliam Potter s Macbeth 1247 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth, a tragedy play written by Shakespeare, illustrates the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek pow er for its own sake. Harry Potter, a series of fantasy, fiction novels written by J.K Rowling, chronicles the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, a chain adventure of his friends, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Despite the fact that these two books may seem completely unreliable, there are indeed, certainRead MoreMacbeth, By William Shakespeare1986 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the idea of murderous actions and their dire consequences establishes the ideas of violence and character deterioration. The mention of darkness and light plays an equally important role in the exemplification of true character and motive. Moreover, external and internal conflicts between characters and themselves, effectively identifies character flaws and strengths. The theme of appearance versus reality, as portrayed throughout Macbeth, further develops the notionRead MoreExplore the Link Between Ambition and Evil in Lor d of the Flies and Macbeth976 Words   |  4 Pagesset on exposing Humanity for what it holds; Innate evil. Evil in what way you ask? In ambition. For in our world, Shakespeare’s, and Golding’s, Ambition truly is the source of all evil. In Macbeth, Shakespeare does well to disguise ambition as the true source of villainy, behind the faà §ade that is Lady Macbeth and the witches. Without ambition, there would never be any action, no good, no evil, would Eve have picked the apple from the garden of Eden, without the ambition to gain further knowledgeRead MoreAppearance Vs. Reality Of Macbeth Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesSteven Hua Ms. Amato ENG2D 08 December, 2016 Appearance vs. Reality In Macbeth Things are not always as they seem to be, people are often deceived to believe something different than it’s true meaning. Instead of knowing the reality of a situation, people’s thoughts are sometimes shifted to see only what they appear, leaving them blindsided to the real truth behind whats really going on. Appearance versus Reality is first seen when king Duncan misjudges Macbeth’s intentions and is blindsided toRead MoreThree Witches and Macbeth2956 Words   |  12 PagesThe opening scene in Macbeth is a compact exposition. Everybody knows that a play is more restrained than a novel because it is written to be performed in less than three hrs. That is why it should attract the viewer and engage his or her attention from the beginning. That makes the opening scene of any play of such a great importance. The opening scene in a play acts as an expository scene that introduces the audience to the background of the play, its hero, and hints at the main theme. ShakespeareRead MoreHuman Weakness in Macbeth and Othello2915 Words   |  12 PagesMacbeth is one of the best known plays written by Shakespeare in the 17th century, Jacobean period. It was the period where the belief in supernatural was greatly held and king James I himself, the author of Divine rights of king adhered in witchcraft and openly practiced the idea of kings being God’s representatives on earth, so to even complain about them was a sin. The tragic hero, brave and valiant Macbeth had all the required characteristics of the ideal Sco ttish soldier; valorous and gallantRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Ghost 2757 Words   |  12 Pagesskeptical of women to the point that he is almost possessed by a psychopathic mistrust of them. He presents his wife cynically in Act 2 Scene 1 where she is labelled as an irksome scold; in describing her he says ‘She puts her tongue a little in her heart,/ And chides with thinking.’ Blinded by jealousy and hatred, Iago forces his wife, Emilia, to become a participant in his conniving schemes, thus making her a helpless victim. Her moral dilemma stems from her genuine affection for Iago and later-developedRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pageswriting that can be interpreted 2 ways, on the surface for common folk or in depth for philosophical readers sense of idealism focus on the individual s inner feelings emphasis on the imagination over reason and intuition over facts urbanization versus nostalgia for nature burden of the Puritan past Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · literary tale character sketch slave narratives, political novels poetry transcendentalism Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · helps instill proper gender behavior for men and women